Firefox 3.1 onkin 3.5

Ubuntun versionumerossa on sentäs logiikkaa mukana: julkaisun mukaan vuosi.kuukausi (7.04->7.10->8.04->8.10...)

Toivottavasti ei tule samassa kuukaudessa montaa julkistusta :)

No eihän OSS-maailmassa olla yhtä nopeita kuin vaikka MS, joka sentään julkaisee uuden käyttiksen joka viikko... tai no ehkä kuitenkin vähintään joka viides vuosi...

Selvennetää faktat ensin. NT on käyttis aivan kuin Linuxkin. Ja windows 7 on "software system" eli ohjelmisto järjestelmä kuten Ubuntuki.
Vai osaaks kertoo miks NT käyttiksen sisällä on mikroydin joka ei ole käyttis koska se ei ole makroydin (monoliittine)?

Ai nii onks tää taas näit että ytimen sisällä on ydin ja käyttiksen sisällä on käyttis?

http://www.usenix.org/publications/login/2006-04/o...

Ei mikää käyttis sisällä tekstieditoria tai mitään C kääntäjää jos niitä ei vartavasten ole siihen (ei sille vaan siihen) ohjelmoitu.


Without its software, a computer is basically a useless lump of metall. With its sofware, a computer can store, process, and retrieve information, find spelling errors in manuscripts, play adventure, and engage in many other valuabel activities to earn its keep. Computer software can be roughly divided into two kinds: the system programs, which manage the operation of the computer itself, and the application programs, which solve problems for their users. The most fundamental of all the system programs is the operating system, which controls all the computer's resources and provides the base upon which the application programs can be written.
A modern computer system consists of one or more processors, some main memory (often known as "core memory", even though magnetic cores have not be used in memories for over a decade), clocks, terminals, disks, network interfaces, and other input/output devices. All in all, a complex system. Writing programs that keep track of all these compinents and use them correctly, let alone optimally, is an extremely difficult job. If every programmer had to be concerned with how disk drives work, and with all the dozens of things that could go wrong when reading a disk block, it is unlikely that many programs could be written at all.
Many years ago it became abudantly clear that some way had to be found to shield programmers from the complexity of the hardware. The way that has gradually eveolved is to put a player of sowtware on top of the bare hardware, to manage all parts of the system, and presents the user with interface or virtual machines that is easier to understand and program. This layer of software is the operating system, and forms the subject of this book.
The situation is shown in Fig. 1-1. At the bottom is the hardware, which in many cases is itself composed of two or more layers. The lowest layer contains physical devices, consisting of integrated circuit chips, wires, power supplies, cathode ray tubes, and similar physical devices. How these are constructed and how they work is the province of the electrical engineer.


(Fig. 1-1. A computer system consists of hardware, system programs, and application programs.)
---------------------------------------------------------------
5.[Banking system][Airline reservation][Adventure games]
4.[Compilers][Editors][Command interpreter]
3.[Operating system]
2.[Machine language]
1.[Microprogrammin]
0.[ Physical devices]

0-2 = Hardware
3-4 = System programs
5 = Application programs
----------------------------------------------------------------


Next comes a layer of primitive software that directly controls these devices and provides a cleaner interface to the next layer. This software, called microprogram, is usually located in read-only memory. It is actually a interpreter, fetching the machine language instuctions such as ADD, MOVE, and JUMP, and carrying them out as series of little steps. To carry out an ADD instuction, for example, the microprogram must determine where the numbers to be added are located, fetch them, add them, and store the result somewhere. The set of insructions that the microprogram interpres defines the machine language. Which is not really part of the hard machine at all, but computer manufacturers always describe it in their manuals as such, so many people think of it as being the real "machine." On some machines the microprogram is implented in hardware, and is not really a distinct layer.
The machine language typically has betweeon 50 and 300 instcutions, mostly for moving data around the machine, doing arithmetic, comparing values. In this layer, the input/output devices are controlled by loading values into special device registers. For example, a disk can be commaneded to read by loading the values of the dis address, main memory address, byte count, and directions (READ or WRITE) in its registers. In practice, many more parameters are needed, and the status returned by the drive after an operation is highly complex. Furthemore, for many I/O devices, timing plays an important role in programming.
A major function of the operating system is to hide all this complexity and give the programmer a more convenient set of insructions to work with. For example, READ BLOCK FROM FILE is conceptually simpler than having to worry about the details of moving disk heads, waiting for them to settle down, and so on.
On top of the operating system is the rest of the system software. Here we find the command interpreter (shell), compilers, editors and similar application independent programs. It is important to realize that these programs are definitely not part of the operating system, even though they are typically supplied by the computer manufacturer. This is crucial, but subtle, point. The operating system is that portion of the software that runs in kernel mode or supervisor mode. It is protected from user tampering by the hardware (ignoring for the moment some of the older microprocessors that do not have hardware protections at all). Compilers and editors run in user mode. if a user does not like a particular compiler, he is free to write his own if he so chooses; he is not free to write his own disk interrupt handler, which is part of the operating system and is normally protected by hardware against attempts by user to modify it.
Finally, above the system programs come the application programs. These programs are written by the user to solve their particular problems, such as commercial data processing, engineering calculations, or game playing.

No saihan WINE 1.0 version ja uutta pukkaa ties kuinka monen vuoden jälkeen (12?).

Useampi kaupallinen softa aloittaa näinäpäivinä jo numerosta 2.0 tai peräti 7.0. Valitaan suurempi kuin kilpailijoilla että saadaan "edistyneempi" ohjelmisto myyntiin.

Moni softa käyttää 0. versioita jotta voivat aina bugin tms. ilmaantuessa selitellä kyseessä olevan vasta beta versio jossa bugi yms. ovat ihan hyväksyttäviä juttuja.

Irssin kehittäjä, Timo Sirainen, lopetti kehitystyön jossain 0.8.10:n tms. kohdalla, kun ominaisuuksia oli varmaankin omaan käyttöön riittävästi. Sen jälkeen kehitystyön on "ottanut haltuun" useamman ihmisen porukka, mutta onkohan mitään näkyvää tapahtunut vuosiin.

Mun mielestäni nykyistä irssiä voisi aivan mainiosti sanoa 1.0:ksi tai vaikka versioksi 3.0. Eipä ole kaatunut ikinä tai mitään muutakaan ongelmaa ei koskaan ole ko. ohjelman kanssa ollut.

Linuxin versiointi on kieltämättä erittäin konservatiivista. 2.2:sta 2.4:een ja siitä 2.6:een mentiin melko hyvään tahtiin, mutta 2.6.x näyttäisi olevan kiveen hakattu jotenkin. Vertailut NT-versioihin ontuvat aika pahasti, kun 2.6:n aikana kehitystä on tapahtunut varmasti enemmän kuin NT 5.0->5.1->6.0->6.1. Windows 7 on myös ennenkaikkea Windows Vista SP3, ja nimenmuutokseen on varmasti päädytty siksi, että Vistan maine on luokkaa Windows ME. Erotuksena jälkimmäiseen tosin se, että ME:n aikana 2000 ja XP olivat "nurkan takana", kun nyt taas samalla Vista-pohjalla on pakko jatkaa.

Äh, ekan kappaleen piti olla lainaus, mutta meni persiilleen. Noh, kai se on suht selvää kuitenkin.